Cov khoom siv yog dab tsi?
1.Taw qhia txog cov khoom siv
1.1 Kev faib cov ntaub ntawv
1. Cov ntaub ntawv ntuj: pob zeb, ntoo, thiab lwm yam.
2.Produced cov ntaub ntawv: pottery thiab ntau yam hlau
3.Synthetic cov ntaub ntawv: alloy resin, composite cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam khoom siv dag zog
1.2 Kev faib tawm ntawm cov qauv Structures tuaj yeem faib raws li qhov loj me:
1. Subatomic qauv: suav nrog electrons hauv ib lub atom, lawv lub zog cuam tshuam nrog lub atomic nucleus
2. Cov qauv Atomic (Atomic structurc): ntsig txog lub koom haum ntawm atoms, molecules lossis crystals 3. Nanostructure (Nanostructure): cov qauv ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov nplais molecular thiab micron
4. Microstructure (Microstructurre): Microstructure yog cov qauv me me ntawm cov khoom siv, uas txhais tau tias yog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv, raws li pom los ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav optical nrog qhov loj ntawm ntau tshaj 25 zaug.
5. Macrostructure: Cov qauv tsim uas tuaj yeem pom nrog lub qhov muag liab qab ( nplai ntau ntawm ob peb millimeters thiab ib meter)
2. Cov khoom siv (Properties) yog cov khoom siv teb rau ib puag ncig thiab sab nraud quab yuam.
2.1 Lub cev muaj zog Lub cev lub cev yog cov khoom uas tuaj yeem pom yam tsis hloov cov khoom ntawm cov teeb meem. Cov khoom siv dav dav ntawm cov khoom, xws li xim, ntom, thiab hardness, yog lub cev muaj zog.
2.2 Chemical Properties Cov khoom uas piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov khoom hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom sib txawv kiag li hu ua chemical properties. Flammability, corrosion kuj, thiab oxidation kuj yog cov khoom siv tshuaj. Feem ntau hais lus, los ntawm kev xav ntawm engineering cov ntaub ntawv, qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom muaj xws li theem hloov pauv kub, ceev, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion linear coefficient, hluav taws xob conductivity thiab resistivity, magnetic permeability efficiency thiab corrosion kuj, thiab lwm yam.
2.3 Pawg ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Muag Yuav luag txhua yam khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem muab faib ua rau XNUMX pawg sib txawv kom ua rau muaj kev sib txawv:
1. Mechanical zog: cuam tshuam deformation rau thov load los yog quab yuam; Piv txwv li, elastic modulus Strength (nruj), lub zog thiab tawg tsis kam
2. Cov khoom hluav taws xob (Electrical properties): Ib qho hluav taws xob yog siv; Cov khoom muaj xws li conductivity thiab dielectric tas li
3. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (Thermal properties): Muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom siv kub lossis kub gradient ntsig txog kev hloov kub; piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv thermal muaj xws li thermal expansion thiab kub muaj peev xwm
4. Cov khoom sib nqus: cov lus teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau magnetic teb; Cov khoom sib nqus muaj xws li magnetic susceptibility thiab magnetization siv
5. Optical zog: sab nraud hluav taws xob hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob kho qhov muag; Refractive index thiab reflectivity Performance index yog cov sawv cev ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag
6. Cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo: muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm cov khoom; Piv txwv li, corrosion kuj ntawm hlau.
2.4 Kev faib cov ntaub ntawv
------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ ------Reprinted los ntawm Zhihu-Eternal East (Paub yuav luag-永恒的东风).