Ceramic cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau ib chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv inorganic non-metallic ua los ntawm ntuj los yog hluavtaws sib txuas los ntawm molding thiab high-temperature sintering. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov siab melting point, siab hardness, siab hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv, cov cuab yeej siv, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv ceramic yog cov khoom siv nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rigidity thiab siab tshaj hardness ntawm engineering. cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws hardness feem ntau yog siab tshaj 1100HV. Ceramics muaj lub zog compressive siab, tab sis tsis tshua muaj zog tensile, tsis zoo plasticity thiab toughness. Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic feem ntau muaj qhov siab melting point (feem ntau siab dua 1500 ° C), thiab muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub siab; Lub thermal conductivity ntawm ceramics yog qis dua cov ntaub ntawv hlau, thiab ceramics tseem zoo kub resistant cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov coefficient ntawm linear expansion ntawm ceramics yog qis dua cov hlau, thiab ceramics muaj qhov ruaj khov zoo thaum kub hloov.
Feem ntau cov ceramics muaj cov hluav taws xob zoo, yog li lawv tau dav siv los ua cov khoom siv insulating ntawm ntau qhov voltages (1kV ~ 110kV).
Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic tsis yooj yim oxidized ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo rau acids, alkalis, thiab ntsev.
Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic kuj muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub xeev, cov khoom siv fiber ntau, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, thiab lwm yam. Cov pob tshab ceramics tuaj yeem siv rau high-pressure sodium teeb, thiab lwm yam.
Muaj ntau ntau yam khoom siv ceramic, peb feem ntau tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv ceramic hauv qab no thiab muab cov khoom siv tshawb fawb sib xws:
Alumina ceramics yog cov khoom siv ceramic feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm Al2O3, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom purity siab thiab hom zoo tib yam. High-purity alumina ceramics yog cov khoom siv ceramic nrog cov ntsiab lus Al2O3 ntau dua 99.9%. Vim tias nws qhov kub thiab txias yog siab li 1650-1990 ° C thiab kev sib kis wavelength yog 1-6 μm, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv substrate thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau zaus hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Ordinary alumina ceramics tau muab faib ua 99 plooj (porcelain), 95 plooj (porcelain), 90 plooj (porcelain), 85 plooj (porcelain) thiab lwm yam ntau yam raws li Al2O3 cov ntsiab lus. Qee zaum cov uas muaj Al2O3 cov ntsiab lus ntawm 80% lossis 75% kuj tau muab cais ua cov alumina ceramics zoo tib yam. Ntawm lawv, 99 alumina porcelain cov ntaub ntawv yog siv los ua cov khoom kub kub, cov kav dej kub thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, xws li ceramic bearings, ceramic seals thiab dej valve phaj, thiab lwm yam.; 95 alumina porcelain feem ntau yog siv los ua corrosion-resistant thiab hnav-resistant qhov chaw; 85 plooj (porcelain) feem ntau sib xyaw nrog qee cov talc, uas txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv dag zog, thiab tuaj yeem raug kaw nrog molybdenum, niobium, tantalum thiab lwm yam hlau, thiab qee qhov yog siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nqus.
Zirconia ceramics yog lwm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab ceramic, uas yog dawb, daj lossis grey thaum nws muaj impurities, thiab feem ntau muaj HfO2, uas tsis yooj yim rau kev sib cais. Muaj peb lub xeev crystal ntawm ntshiab ZrO2 nyob rau hauv ib txwm siab. Kev tsim cov zirconia ceramics yuav tsum tau npaj cov hmoov nrog siab purity, zoo dispersibility, ultrafine hais thiab nqaim particle loj tis. Kev siv cov zirconia ntau tshaj li ntawm alumina vim tias nws cov tawv tawv ua rau nws tiv taus ntau dua rau kev tawg, thiab cov khoom ntawm zirconia me dua, uas ua rau cov khoom ua los ntawm nws ntau sib npaug thiab ua rau nws haum rau kev ua riam, pistons, bearing khoom, thiab txawm tias cov khoom lag luam zoo nkauj. Ultra-nplua zirconia tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov watches. Tom qab cov hmoov raug nias thiab tsim, nws yog sintered ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1450 degrees Celsius, thiab tom qab ntawd polished nrog pob zeb diamond xuab zeb kom lub ntsej muag ci dua thiab ntau xim hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, zirconia ceramics kuj yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws ceramic rau kev txiav riam thiab riam hauv chav ua noj.
Silicon nitride ceramic yog cov khoom siv tsis zoo ceramic uas tsis ntsws thaum sintered. Silicon nitride muaj zog heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kub nias silicon nitride, uas yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws muaj lub zog siab, tsis tshua muaj siab, kub tsis kam thiab lwm yam khoom. Si3N4 ceramics yog covalent daim ntawv cog lus, lub hauv paus txheej txheem yog [SiN4] tetrahedron, silicon atom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tetrahedron, thiab muaj plaub nitrogen atoms nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, uas yog feem ntau nyob rau ntawm plaub vertices ntawm lub tetrahedron. , thiab tom qab ntawd txhua qhov peb Txhua tetrahedron sib koom ua ke ntawm ib qho atom, tsim ib qho kev txuas ntxiv thiab ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw peb sab. Nws qhov hardness yog thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond thiab cubic boron nitride, thiab nws muaj kev hnav zoo heev thiab kev ua haujlwm compression, thaum silicon nitride yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ceramic. Nws tuaj nyob rau hauv tsaus grey los yog dub thiab muaj ib daim iav zoo li tag thaum polished. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab cav ntawm chaw shuttles, tub rog missiles, thiab gyroscopes. Lub ultra-hardness ntawm silicon nitride ua rau nws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau bearings hauv cov khoom xws li marine ntses reels, caij tsheb kauj vab, skates, skateboards, thiab ntau dua.
Aluminium nitride ceramics: AIN siv lead ua yog covalently bonded compound nrog 〔AIN4〕 tetrahedron raws li cov qauv chav tsev, muaj ib tug wurtzite qauv, thiab belongs rau lub hexagonal siv lead ua system. Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg AI 65.81%, N 34.19%, tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus 3.261g / cm3, dawb los yog off-dawb, ib tug siv lead ua xim tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, sublimation decomposition kub nyob rau hauv ib txwm siab yog 2450 ℃. Nws yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub-resistant. Thermal expansion coefficient (4.0-6.0) X10-6 / ℃. Lub thermal conductivity ntawm polycrystalline AIN yog 260W / (mk), uas yog 5-8 zaug siab dua li ntawm alumina, yog li nws muaj thermal shock tsis kam thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov ntawm 2200 ° C. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhuas nitride muaj cov yam ntxwv uas nws tsis corroded los ntawm molten txhuas, lwm yam hlau molten thiab gallium arsenide, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zoo corrosion kuj rau molten txhuas.
Boron nitride ceramics muaj cov cua kub zoo, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, thiab high-temperature dielectric zog, thiab yog zoo tagnrho tshav kub dissipation cov ntaub ntawv thiab high-temperature insulating cov ntaub ntawv. Boron nitride muaj cov tshuaj ruaj khov zoo thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus corrosion ntawm feem ntau cov hlau molten. Nws kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm tus kheej lubricating zog. Boron nitride cov khoom muaj qhov hardness tsawg thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 1/100mm. Nws tau muab faib ua ob hom: ib qho yog hexagonal boron nitride, uas zoo ib yam li graphite thiab muaj qhov kub thiab txias. Nws paub txog nws cov yam ntxwv du thiab mos, thiab muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog graphite. Yog li nws tseem hu ua "dawb graphite"; Lwm qhov yog cubic boron nitride, uas muaj hardness zoo heev thiab feem ntau yog siv rau kev txiav, sib tsoo thiab drilling. Boron nitride cov khoom siv dav siv hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam vim nws qhov adhesion zoo, tsis hloov pauv thiab lubricity zoo.
Iav- ceramics, tseem hu ua machinable ceramics, yog mica iav-ceramic nrog hluavtaws mica raws li lub ntsiab siv lead ua theem, thiab yog cov khoom siv ceramic uas tuaj yeem ua machined. Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, lub tshuab nqus tsev ua haujlwm, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev zog, kub tsis kam, tshuaj corrosion kuj thiab lwm yam khoom zoo heev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tiav iav-ceramics yog cov txheej txheem hlau ua cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau rau kev tig, milling, npaj, sib tsoo, sawing, txiav thiab tapping, uas yog incomparable rau zoo tib yam 95 plooj (porcelain), silicon nitride porcelain thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv insulating. . ntawm. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm iav-ceramics zoo ib yam li cov hlau cam khwb cia, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv ntau yam khoom nrog cov duab nyuaj thiab siab precision. Txawm hais tias iav-ceramics yog nkig thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj, ntev li ntev raws li txoj kev ua thiab txoj kev clamping raug txiav txim siab, txoj kev ua haujlwm tau them nyiaj rau, thiab cov nyiaj txiav tau raug xaiv kom raug, qib siab ntawm cov khoom siv dav dav tuaj yeem tswj tau ntawm IT7. theem, thiab qhov kawg tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.5 microns. Qhov tseeb machining yog tswj ntawm 0.005mm. Yog tias cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab tus neeg teb xov tooj muaj kev txawj ntse, qhov tseeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag μ theem. Raws li hom tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuam qhuav tsim, iav-ceramic muaj cov khoom zoo uas ua rau nws siv ntau dua thiab siv ntau dua hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim.
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