Elemental metals yog cov khoom ntshiab uas tsim los ntawm tib lub ntsiab hlau. Feem ntau, cov khoom ntawm cov hlau elemental yog ze ze rau cov khoom ntawm nws cov khoom. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hlau ntawm ntau cov hlau yog qhov pom tseeb heev, yog li lawv cov elemental reducibility muaj zog heev. Cov khoom uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias tiv taus feem ntau txhais tau tias yog hlau. Muaj 90 hlau ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm 112 lub ntsiab. Nyob rau ntawm sab laug ntawm "boron-astatine ciam teb", muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau nyob rau hauv 5 thaj tsam ntawm s-block, p-block, d-block, thiab f-block, thiab tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv yog cov hlau. Cov hlau yog hloov tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov txo qis, glossy nto, zoo hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity, nyuaj zoo, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog malleable. Tsuas yog mercury (kua), tag nrho lwm cov hlau yog cov khoom nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Cov hlau ntshiab feem ntau yog nyiaj-dawb (grey), tsuas yog ob peb tsis yog, xws li kub yog daj-liab, tooj liab yog ntshav-liab. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, cov hlau feem ntau muaj nyob hauv lub xeev sib xyaw, thiab qee cov hlau xws li kub, nyiaj, platinum, thiab bismuth muaj nyob hauv lub xeev dawb.
Raws li kev siv tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb thiab cov hlau uas tuaj yeem muab rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv, peb muab faib ua 8 pawg, nrog rau tag nrho ntawm 63 cov hlau, raws li pom hauv daim duab saum toj no. Koj tuaj yeem nyem rau ntawm lub npe hlau nkag mus rau nplooj ntawv kom paub meej.
Tsuas yog qee cov hlau xws li tin, antimony, bismuth, thiab lwm yam, tus naj npawb ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm lub atoms yog ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 4, tus naj npawb ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm cov hlau atoms feem ntau yog tsawg dua 4. , thiab cov txheej txheem electron ntawm pawg hlau atoms tseem ceeb yog ns1 lossis ns2 lossis ns2np(1-4), kev hloov hluav taws xob ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem raug qhia raws li (n-1)d(1-10)ns(1-2) . Lub atomic radii ntawm lub ntsiab pab pawg hlau ntsiab yog loj dua cov uas tsis yog-metallic ntsiab ntawm tib lub sij hawm (tshwj tsis yog tsawg gases).
Nyob ntawm seb cov atoms tau teeb tsa li cas hauv cov khoom, cov khoom tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: crystalline thiab amorphous. Ib yam khoom uas muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov atoms sab hauv yog siv lead ua, xws li cov khoom siv hlau; ib qho tsis-crystal-ib yam khoom uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov atoms hauv. Xws li rosin, iav, thiab lwm yam. Cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov hlau yog hais txog kev npaj ntawm atoms hauv cov khoom siv hlau, uas txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm cov khoom. Cov qauv siv lead ua ntau hom hauv cov hlau yog: lub cev-centered cubic (BCC) xws li hlau, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, thiab lwm yam, lub ntsej muag-centered cubic (FCC) xws li txhuas, tooj liab, nyiaj, kub, npib tsib xee, txhuas. , thiab lwm yam., hexagonal close-packed (HCP) Xws li titanium, zirconium, magnesium, zinc, thiab lwm yam, thiab qee cov hlau muaj ntau cov qauv siv lead ua, xws li cov qauv siv lead ua hlau, uas muaj ob lub ntsej muag-centered cubic thiab lub cev- center kub.
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